TB Preventive Therapy – Your Quick Guide

Got a positive TB test but no symptoms? That’s called latent TB. The good news is you can stop it from turning into active disease with preventive therapy. It’s a simple plan of medicines that wipes out hidden bacteria before they cause trouble.

Who Needs Preventive Therapy?

Not everyone with a positive test needs treatment. You’re a candidate if you’re in one of these groups: recent contacts of an active TB case, people with weakened immune systems (like HIV, diabetes, or on steroids), children under five, or anyone planning to move to a high‑TB area. Your doctor will check your risk factors and decide if the benefits outweigh the risks.

Choosing the Right Regimen

There are a few standard options. The most common is isoniazid taken daily for six months. Some doctors prefer a three‑month combo of isoniazid and rifapentine taken once a week—called the 3HP regimen. Another option is rifampin alone for four months. Your choice depends on how well you can stick to the schedule, any liver issues, and possible drug interactions.

Whichever plan you pick, take the meds exactly as prescribed. Missing doses can let bacteria survive and increase the chance of resistance. Set a daily reminder on your phone or link the pill to a habit you already have, like brushing your teeth.

Side effects are usually mild. You might feel a bit nauseous, have a loss of appetite, or notice a rash. Liver problems are rare but serious—watch for yellow skin, dark urine, or persistent fatigue. If any of these appear, call your doctor right away.

While on therapy, keep up with regular check‑ups. Your doctor will order liver function tests early on and monitor for any symptoms. Staying hydrated, eating balanced meals, and avoiding alcohol can help your liver stay healthy.

Preventive therapy isn’t just about pills. Reduce your TB risk by staying away from crowded, poorly ventilated places when you can, and get vaccinated with BCG if you live in an area where it’s recommended. If you travel to places with high TB rates, wear a mask in dusty settings and practice good hand hygiene.

Bottom line: TB preventive therapy is a safe, effective way to keep latent infection from becoming active disease. Talk to your healthcare provider, pick the regimen that fits your life, and stick to it. A few months of commitment can save you years of health problems down the road.